CAN
A standard automotive protocol, CAN operates on two wires as a differential signal. These are called CAN High and CAN Low. Both of these wires have some electric potential against common ground, but the ground is not involved in the connection as just the two wires are used. CAN is a bus where multiple devices are connected on the same physical line. The bus also has to be terminated by a resistor.
The bikes use the protocol to communicate between battery BMS, motor controller, dashboard and a charger.
CPX
The CPX uses 250 000 bps CAN bus terminated by the scooter or the charger. This means if direct connection to the battery is required, the used CAN interface needs terminate the bus or a 120 Ohm resistor needs to be installed manually across the two pins.
Each message sent contains an ID that designates a type of the message, and 8 bytes of data.
Please note that a single parameter can repeat within multiple different message IDs. If a value is indicated to be contained within multiple bytes, the byte order is Little Endian, meaning the higher the byte count, the higher the significance.
Battery BMS
Following messages are provided by the battery BMS unit when in A/B mode or charging mode.
| Message ID | Purpose |
|---|---|
| 504 | Charging information |
| 506 | Battery state and charging information |
| 540 | Battery state |
| 54E | Battery parameters and information |
The Message IDs specified here apply when using the battery in A-mode or Charging mode. When using with B-mode, the IDs are +1 higher. Please see Battery connector#Gen 2 for modes description.
| Byte | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| 00, 01 | Unknown | Only observed 0 |
| 02, 03 | Battery Voltage | Volts * 10 |
| 04, 05 | Flowing Current | Amps * 10, signed short positive = charging, negative = riding |
| 06 | Unknown | Only observed 0 |
| 07 | Unknown | 0x95 during charging, 0x15 when charger finishes, 0x0 otherwise |
| Byte | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| 00 | Battery state bitmask | Bits from least sig.: 0 = charging mode 1 = voltage on pins 3 = initialized after connection |
| 01 | Battery state bitmask | Bits from least sig.: 0 = charging mode 4 = charging in progress |
| 02, 03 | Charging Current | Amps * 10 |
| 04, 05 | Voltage per cell (avg? max? min?) | Volts * 1000 |
| 06 | Unknown | Only observed 0 |
| 07 | Battery mode | 0x10 = charging mode, 0x20 = riding mode |
| Byte | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| 00 | State of Charge | Percents |
| 01 | Unknown | Always 0 |
| 02 | Unknown | 255 when not charging decreasing once started |
| 03, 04, 05, 06 | Temperature (four different values) |
Celsius |
| 07 | Unknown | Always 255 |
| Byte | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| 00, 01 | Battery Maximum Voltage | Volts * 10 Observed 71.4V even during charging on original 70.5V charger (This fits 4.2V * 17 cells in series) |
| 02, 03 | Battery Maximum Charge Current | Amps * 10 Observed 15A, 10A when charging 0A when charged |
| 04 | State of Charge | Percents |
| 05, 06 | Battery Voltage | Volts * 10 |
| 07 | Unknown flag | 0x30 during charging, 0x00 otherwise |
Charger
Following messages are provided by the charger.
| Message ID | Purpose |
|---|---|
| 508 | All-zero header Possible future usage |
| 580 | Charging status |
| 581 | Charging status |
| Byte | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| 00 | Charging state | 1 = charging, 2 = finished |
| 01, 02 | Battery Voltage | Volts * 10 |
| 03, 04 | Related: Charging Current | Unknown, looks like current + 10 |
| 05, 06 | Related: Charging Power | Unknown |
| 07 | Unknown | Only observed 0 |
| Byte | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| 00 | Charging state | 2 = charging, 1 = finished |
| 01 | Unknown | Always 0 |
| 02, 03 | Related: Charging Current | Unknown |
| 04, 05 | Unknown | 0x30 during charging, 0x00 otherwise |
| 06 | Unknown | Always 1 |
| 07 | Supplied Charging Current | Amps * 10 (related to 54Eb2,3?) |